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Working in Canada During Your Studies

Are you an international student who wishes to work in Canada during or after your studies? There are several options available to you. However, it’s important to be aware of the eligibility criteria and the conditions to be met to avoid violating the conditions of your study permit or immigration laws.

Make sure you also find out what administrative steps you need to take to comply with labour standards and tax obligations and—most importantly—make sure that your studies remain your main activity!

Working while you study lets you gain work experience in Québec and earn additional income. It definitely sounds like a win-win, but you need to be able to handle the workload!

Combining full-time studies with work can be a major challenge. Your ÉTS studies must remain your primary focus; otherwise you could face administrative issues (e.g., if you fail a course or don’t meet the required average) or immigration issues (non-compliance with the law). You are legally permitted to combine on-campus, off-campus, and co-op work if you meet the conditions for each of these programs, as described below.

Working on campus

As an international student, you are permitted to work on campus at ÉTS without a work permit if you meet the following eligibility conditions:

  • You are a full-time student;
  • You have a valid study permit or maintained status;
  • Your study permit lists one of the following work conditions*:
    • May work 20 hours per week off campus or full-time during regular breaks if meeting criteria outlined in paragraph 186(v) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations;

      OR
    • May accept employment on or off campus if meeting eligibility criteria, per paragraph R186(f), (v) or (w) and must cease working if no longer meeting these criteria;
  • You have a Social Insurance Number.

*Should you not have one of the previous conditions listed on your study permit, you may request it to be added if you are eligible by following the instructions on the Request to Amend Valid Temporary Resident Documents page.

Important

If you no longer meet these conditions, you must cease working immediately.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) stipulates that  "On-campus" means you can work at all the buildings on your school campus.

An "on-campus employer" can be ÉTS, as an educational institution, a faculty member, a student organization, yourself if you run a business that is physically located on-campus, a company (e.g.: Jean Coutu or Metro), etc.

You can also work at other locations under the following conditions:

  • You are working as a teaching or research assistant;
  • Your work is strictly related to a research grant.

International students who hold a study permit and are registered full-time can work on campus with no limit to the number of hours.

However, studying must always be your main activity in order to remain in compliance with the conditions of your study permit.

You maintain your authorization to work off campus with no limit on hours, even if you are studying part-time during the final semester of your study program, as long as you were registered for full-time studies throughout the rest of your program.

IRCC clarified the rules governing self-employment, reiterating that it is subject to the same conditions as on- or off-campus work, depending on the physical location where the self-employment is carried out. If your self-employment is carried out on campus (e.g.: you live in the ÉTS residences and carry out contracts as a webmaster), you are authorized to work an unlimited number of hours.

Nevertheless, it is strongly recommended that you document your hours and keep all relevant documentation.

Are you interested in a few hours of paid work on campus? Every semester, the various services and departments at ÉTS offer part-time jobs or hire students for specific events. Consult the list of on-campus jobs.

Working off-campus

As an international student, you are authorized to work on campus at ÉTS without a work permit if you meet the following eligibility conditions:

  • You are a full-time student;
  • You hold a valid study permit or have a maintained status;
  • Your study permit lists one of the following work conditions*:
    • May work 20 hours per week off campus or full-time during regular breaks if meeting criteria outlined in paragraph 186(v) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations;
      OR
    • May accept employment on or off campus if meeting eligibility criteria, per paragraph R186(f), (v) or (w) and must cease working if no longer meeting these criteria;
  • You have a Social Insurance Number.
  • You respect the maximum number of hours per week.
  • Have started studying.

*Should you not have one of the previous conditions listed on your study permit, you may request it to be added if you are eligible by following the instructions on the Request to Amend Valid Temporary Resident Documents page.

Important

If you no longer meet these conditions, you must cease working immediately.

End of temporary lifting of off-campus working time limit

Under a temporary public policy, certain international students were permitted to work off-campus more than 20 hours per week until April 30, 2024, if they meet the IRCC requirements.

This temporary policy is no longer in force.

In terms of off-campus work authorization, it is crucial to respect the maximum number of hours per week. In short, IRCC stipulates that a student can work:

  • a maximum of 20 hours per week during regular semesters*;
  • full-time (unlimited hours) during regular scheduled breaks indicated in the academic calendar**

*Regular session: At ÉTS, the fall and winter semesters are considered to be regular semesters for all programs. The regulatory framework at ÉTS makes a distinction between programs with a research profile and course-based programs with respect to the summer semester. For more detailed information, consult the section below that discusses the specific characteristics of the summer semester.

**Regularly scheduled breaks: The break must be part of the ÉTS academic calendar, such as the holiday period at the end of the year, the student break week, break periods between semesters, etc.

Attention! – These hours are not transferable from week to week. For example, you are not permitted to work 30 hours during a given week because you only worked 10 hours during the previous week.

For the summer semester, it is important you familiarize yourself with the specific conditions that apply to your study program in order to avoid placing yourself in an illegal situation.

For research-based program (M.A.Sc., PhD) 

  • The summer semester is a regular term for Doctoral and Master with thesis programs. Therefore, full-time registration is mandatory, and off-campus work must be limited to 20 hours per week.
  • If you do not wish to register for the summer semester, you must apply for an authorized absence from ÉTS. In such a case, you are not authorized to work on campus or off campus, as stipulated on the IRCC website under the section Authorized leave from studies.

For course-type program (bachelor, certificate, Specialized Graduate Program (DESS), M.Eng.)

  • If it is not your first semester in the program, registration for the summer semester is not mandatory although it is strongly recommended to accumulate course, internship or project credits. 
    Registration during the summer semester also allows you to finish your studies within the prescribed timeline, therefore avoiding renewing your immigration documents, while also ensuring you are registered full-time every semester.
  • You may decide to register for part-time or full-time studies, or not to register at all, while still taking advantage of the authorization to work full-time, subject to certain conditions:
    1. You were registered full-time during the preceding winter semester; AND
    2. You will be studying full-time in the same program during the subsequent fall semester OR will exceptionally be studying part-time if the fall semester is your final semester.

For more information, please consult the section Full-time or part-time course load during a scheduled break on the IRCC website.

You maintain your authorization to work off campus up to 20 hours / week, even if you are studying part time during the final semester of your study program, as long as you were registered for full-time studies throughout the rest of your program.

There may be certain nuances related to your study regime at the end of your program, depending on the type of program:

  • Programs with a research profile: Even if you have accumulated all of your research credits and are registered for zero (0) credits (REDAC – writing), ÉTS considers that you are studying full-time, even in the case of an extension of your program, as long as you were studying full time for all of the previous sessions of your program (mandatory according to the Regulations).
  • Programs with a project profile: If you are in your final session with zero (0) credit activities (ACTIVIT) AND you were registered for full-time studies throughout the rest of your program (including summer semesters), ÉTS considers that you are studying full-time. However, if you have exceeded the normal length of your program and have extended your studies, ACTIVIT will be considered as part time.

If you wish to confirm whether you were considered full-time or part-time for a given semester, please contact the Registrar’s Office at accueilbdr@etsmtl.ca

If your final semester is a summer semester, you must limit your work to 20 hours per week, regardless of your study program, as the authorization to work full-time is conditional to also being registered for the subsequent session.

For more information, consult the Full-time students with a part-time course load in their final academic semester section of the IRCC website.

IRCC has clarified the rules governing self-employment, reiterating that it is subject to the same conditions as on- or off-campus work, depending on the physical location where the self-employment is carried out.

Considering that off-campus work is limited to 20 hours per week, it is important to document all of your hours, and it is your responsibility to do so. As indicated on the IRCC website, hours are calculated as any time you spend doing any of the following:

  • Earning wages;
  • Being paid wages for performing a service or selling a product;
  • Collecting a commission for performing a service or selling a product.

Working with a Co-op Work Permit (CWP)

Professional experience is an integral part of many programs at ÉTS. As co-op work permits are only applicable to programs offered exclusively in French, this section is only available in French.

Would you like to proceed in French?

Yes, I would like to proceed in French

For international students admitted on the basis of their English, please consult the Working on campus and Working off-campus sections.

Working after completing your studies

Want to stay in Canada after completing your studies? There are several steps you will need to take if you want to work in Canada once you graduate from ÉTS.

Find out more about the steps

Administrative procedures

There will be a few administrative procedures not related to your immigration process, such as applying for a SIN (Social Insurance Number) or filing your taxes.

A Social Insurance Number (SIN) is required in order to work in Canada. You will be asked to provide it when being hired or on your tax returns. The SIN is a nine-digit number that is assigned to you by the Government of Canada. Your SIN is valid until your study permit or work permit expires, and is renewable.

Obtaining a Social Insurance Number

  1. Collect the digital copies of your original documents (e.g.: study permit, work permit, passport, etc.)
  2. Apply for the NAS online 
  3. If everything is in order, your application will be processed within five days and you will receive your SIN by mail.

Important

In order to obtain a SIN, you must have a valid work permit or study permit that indicates that you are authorized to work. Consult the Working on campus or Working off campus sections if you need to add this condition to your study permit.

Expiry and renewing your SIN

Most international students have a Social Insurance Number beginning with the number “9”. Your Social Insurance Number remains valid if you are on maintained status or if you are waiting to receive your postgraduate work permit and are eligible to start working while waiting for the decision on the application. It is important for yourself and your employer to consult the Employer information – SIN page, and specifically the section entitled "Before extending employment for your employee".

In both of these situations, you maintain your right to work and/or study, subject to being eligible to do so, until a decision is rendered. You must then have your SIN renewed once you receive the new permit.

Beware of fraud!

Your Social Insurance Number is confidential, so exercise caution. If it falls into the wrong hands, it can be used to obtain your personal information and invade your privacy. Visit Protecting your SIN to determine when you are legally required to provide your SIN and when you are not. If you believe you have been a victim of fraud, contact the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre (1-888-495-8501) and take all other necessary measures.

Income tax obligations and labour standards

All Canadian residents are required to declare their income for the previous year on or before April 30. Income is declared to both Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency.

Overview of income tax

The concept of resident for income tax purposes is different that of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada. The requirement to declare your income is based on the status of residence, rather than student status of citizenship.

  • Even if you are not working in Canada, it may be in your advantage to declare your income here, as you may be entitled to certain tax credits.
  • If you plan to remain in Canada for a number of years to study or to work after completing your studies, start declaring your income right away. It’s easier and more beneficial.

For more detailed information

Income tax clinic

The Office of Student Life does not offer advice or guidance with respect to filling out tax returns. However, the ÉTS Student Association (AÉÉTS) offers students an income tax declaration service every spring. This is an easy, fast and affordable way to fulfil this requirement. Keep an eye on the Interface newsletter (in French) to remain informed.

Labour standards

All workers in Canada, regardless of their legal status, are protected by Canadian laws. This includes labour standards pertaining to holidays and absences, labour conditions, minimum wage and prohibited practices, such as harassment at work.

For more information:

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Note

Please note that this page only presents a summary of the immigration procedures, laws and regulations that are currently in effect in Québec and Canada, which are subject to change at any time without notice. The websites of the Ministère de l’Immigration, de la Francisation et de l’Intégration (MIFI) and Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) take precedence over this site, and it is your responsibility to validate all information at the source.